Cerium oxide (CeO2) photo/electrocatalysts for energy storage and environmental applications have attracted considerable interest because of stable crystal structure, low toxicity/cost, superior chemical stability, stable redox (Ce3+/Ce4+) pairs, abundant oxygen defects, and capablility for intense interaction with other materials. However, the wide bandgap and poor conductivity lower the CeO2 photo/electrocatalytic and energy storage performances. To overcome these limitations, various modification strategies (tuning morphology, doping or loading of metal nanoparticles, and heterostructures) have been applied for the improvement of photocatalytic (removal of organic contaminants from water/wastewater and H2 production and CO2 reduction reactions) efficiency, electrocatalytic (hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions and CO2 reduction reactions), and energy storage performances (supercapacitor) of CeO2‐based materials. Herein, the recent progress of CeO2‐based materials for electro(photo)catalysis and energy storage applications has been discussed. The challenges and possible direction of CeO2‐based materials for electro(photo)catalysis and energy storage applications have been emphasized. Furthermore, this comprehensive review is expected to advance the design of CeO2‐based materials and their applications in electro(photo)catalysis and energy.